Review of Compact and Broadband High Gain Micro strip Patch Antennas

Generally microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is used in modern communication devices and day-to-day communication is done through it. Study of literature of past few year shows that, the leading work on MPA is design compact size broadband microstrip antenna, but inherently MPA have narrow bandwidth so various techniques are engaged to enhance bandwidth. This review paper demonstrates some commonly engaged techniques with broader-bandwidth since last few decades to fabricate MPA. One of the advantages of microstrip patches over conventional antennas is their small size. However, there are many present day applications where even these small radiators are too large. A microstrip antenna incorporated with a single shorting pin is found to provide reduction in overall area with respect to a conventional patch. The compact circular polarized patch antennas can be achieved by slot loading on patch. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by Conductive vias, planar meta-material unit cell and slot loading on microstrip antenna are presented which are reported on literatures.